{"id":2948,"date":"2026-09-17T15:23:46","date_gmt":"2026-09-17T15:23:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/africanresilienceinstitute.org\/?p=2948"},"modified":"2026-09-17T16:02:49","modified_gmt":"2026-09-17T16:02:49","slug":"the-rich-world-is-turning-climate-equity-upside-down","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/africanresilienceinstitute.org\/?p=2948","title":{"rendered":"The Rich World is Turning Climate Equity Upside Down"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2948\" class=\"elementor elementor-2948\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4ab0198 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-content-middle elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4ab0198\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" id=\"services_section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-61183e17\" data-id=\"61183e17\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-5b4e5e39 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5b4e5e39\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2de47764\" data-id=\"2de47764\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f8b12cb animated-slow elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5f8b12cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:200}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The rich world is turning climate equity upside down<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a8d53b0 animated-slow elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1a8d53b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:500}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">As countries define their own climate ambition, national circumstances excuse the rich rather than protect he poor.<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2df9fa2f elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"2df9fa2f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-book\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M448 360V24c0-13.3-10.7-24-24-24H96C43 0 0 43 0 96v320c0 53 43 96 96 96h328c13.3 0 24-10.7 24-24v-16c0-7.5-3.5-14.3-8.9-18.7-4.2-15.4-4.2-59.3 0-74.7 5.4-4.3 8.9-11.1 8.9-18.6zM128 134c0-3.3 2.7-6 6-6h212c3.3 0 6 2.7 6 6v20c0 3.3-2.7 6-6 6H134c-3.3 0-6-2.7-6-6v-20zm0 64c0-3.3 2.7-6 6-6h212c3.3 0 6 2.7 6 6v20c0 3.3-2.7 6-6 6H134c-3.3 0-6-2.7-6-6v-20zm253.4 250H96c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32 0-17.6 14.4-32 32-32h285.4c-1.9 17.1-1.9 46.9 0 64z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Commentary | Resilient Transitions<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-far-calendar-alt\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M148 288h-40c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-40c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h40c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v40c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12zm108-12v-40c0-6.6-5.4-12-12-12h-40c-6.6 0-12 5.4-12 12v40c0 6.6 5.4 12 12 12h40c6.6 0 12-5.4 12-12zm96 0v-40c0-6.6-5.4-12-12-12h-40c-6.6 0-12 5.4-12 12v40c0 6.6 5.4 12 12 12h40c6.6 0 12-5.4 12-12zm-96 96v-40c0-6.6-5.4-12-12-12h-40c-6.6 0-12 5.4-12 12v40c0 6.6 5.4 12 12 12h40c6.6 0 12-5.4 12-12zm-96 0v-40c0-6.6-5.4-12-12-12h-40c-6.6 0-12 5.4-12 12v40c0 6.6 5.4 12 12 12h40c6.6 0 12-5.4 12-12zm192 0v-40c0-6.6-5.4-12-12-12h-40c-6.6 0-12 5.4-12 12v40c0 6.6 5.4 12 12 12h40c6.6 0 12-5.4 12-12zm96-260v352c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V112c0-26.5 21.5-48 48-48h48V12c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h40c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v52h128V12c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h40c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v52h48c26.5 0 48 21.5 48 48zm-48 346V160H48v298c0 3.3 2.7 6 6 6h340c3.3 0 6-2.7 6-6z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">September 17, 2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-pencil-alt\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M497.9 142.1l-46.1 46.1c-4.7 4.7-12.3 4.7-17 0l-111-111c-4.7-4.7-4.7-12.3 0-17l46.1-46.1c18.7-18.7 49.1-18.7 67.9 0l60.1 60.1c18.8 18.7 18.8 49.1 0 67.9zM284.2 99.8L21.6 362.4.4 483.9c-2.9 16.4 11.4 30.6 27.8 27.8l121.5-21.3 262.6-262.6c4.7-4.7 4.7-12.3 0-17l-111-111c-4.8-4.7-12.4-4.7-17.1 0zM124.1 339.9c-5.5-5.5-5.5-14.3 0-19.8l154-154c5.5-5.5 14.3-5.5 19.8 0s5.5 14.3 0 19.8l-154 154c-5.5 5.5-14.3 5.5-19.8 0zM88 424h48v36.3l-64.5 11.3-31.1-31.1L51.7 376H88v48z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Eugene N Nforngwa | https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/eugenenforngwa\/<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53ebd9e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"53ebd9e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/africanresilienceinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Climate-equity-upside-down-1024x768.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2957\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/africanresilienceinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Climate-equity-upside-down-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/africanresilienceinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Climate-equity-upside-down-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/africanresilienceinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Climate-equity-upside-down-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/africanresilienceinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Climate-equity-upside-down.png 1448w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b0448d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5b0448d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Eleven days after <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2026\/sep\/03\/saraji-qld-bhp-bma-coal-project-approved-2055-angering-climate-groups\">Australia approved<\/a> the continuation of the Saraji mine\u2019s Grevillea open-cut pit until 2055, permitting the extraction of up to an additional 55 million tonnes of steelmaking coal, the United States <a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/stationary-sources-air-pollution\/greenhouse-gas-standards-and-guidelines-fossil-fuel-fired-power\">repealed<\/a> key carbon-pollution standards for coal- and gas-fired plants.<\/p><p>Norway, despite its ambitious domestic climate targets, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.regjeringen.no\/en\/whats-new\/57-new-production-licenses-awarded\/id3145952\/\">awarded<\/a> 57 new oil and gas production licences to 19 companies in January 2026. \u00a0Following Russia\u2019s invasion of Ukraine, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundeswirtschaftsministerium.de\/Redaktion\/EN\/Pressemitteilungen\/2022\/09\/20220928-cabinet-boosts-crisis-preparedness-for-the-coming-winter.html\">Germany<\/a> temporarily returned reserve lignite plants to the electricity market and prolonged the availability of hard-coal capacity to protect its energy supply.<\/p><p>The circumstances, duration and consequences of these decisions vary. Germany\u2019s response to an acute energy security shock is not equivalent to Australia\u2019s approval of a coal project that could operate for another three decades. Nor does the award of a petroleum licence necessarily result in production.<\/p><p>However, these decisions illustrate what this commentary calls <em>interest-based exceptionalism<\/em>: the tendency of wealthy countries to prioritise domestic energy security, employment, competitiveness and resource revenue over climate action proportionate to their responsibility and capability.<\/p><p>We need to be concerned because adjusting climate action to national circumstances sits at the heart of global climate governance. But that flexibility was never created to legitimise delay or protect the strategic fossil-fuel interests of wealthy countries.<\/p><p>It emerged from concerns about equity. The UN <a href=\"https:\/\/unfccc.int\/resource\/docs\/convkp\/conveng.pdf\">climate regime<\/a> recognises that countries have contributed unequally to climate change and possess different capacities to respond. Its foundational convention establishes the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities (CBDR-RC), requires developed countries to take the lead and gives particular consideration to the needs and circumstances of developing countries.<\/p><p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/unfccc.int\/sites\/default\/files\/resource\/parisagreement_publication.pdf\">Paris Agreement<\/a> retained this principle \u201cin the light of different national circumstances\u201d. It also requires each successive national contribution to represent progression, reflect a country\u2019s \u201chighest possible ambition\u201d and take account of its responsibilities and capabilities.<\/p><p>Differentiation was therefore intended to reconcile common climate action with profound inequalities in responsibility, capability and development needs. It was meant to ensure that countries which contributed least to climate change and possess the fewest resources to address it were not required to carry an unjust share of the burden.<\/p><p>The danger today is that a principle designed to constrain the powerful and protect the vulnerable is being displaced by much looser practice in which every country determines what climate action its domestic interests will permit.<\/p><p><strong>When national circumstances become exceptions<\/strong><\/p><p>The problem lies partly in how differentiated responsibility interacts with the nationally determined architecture of the Paris Agreement.<\/p><p>The Paris system combines a common global temperature objective with nationally determined contributions. This flexibility helped secure near-universal participation, but it also leaves governments considerable discretion to define their own ambition, policies and transition timelines.<\/p><p>No binding formula translates historical responsibility, present capability and development need into quantified national obligation. Governments consequently remain the principal judges of what constitutes their own \u201chighest possible ambition\u201d.\u00a0<\/p><p>The four cases above reflect a broader tendency. When national economic or security interests compete with climate commitments, even wealthy countries often prioritise the former.<\/p><p>These decisions are not necessarily presented formally as applications of differentiated climate actions, nor are their scale, duration and political contexts uniform. But they exploit the same policy space created by a system in which mitigation pathways remain nationally determined.<\/p><p>This flexibility creates four related risks: ambition becomes self-assessed; national circumstances operate as an escape clause; individually defensible decisions add up to an inadequate collective response; and the equity principle is inverted when wealthy, historically high-emitting countries preserve carbon-intensive opportunities while poorer countries face tighter development constraints.<\/p><p>The problem extends beyond these individual cases. The 2025 <a href=\"https:\/\/productiongap.org\/\">Production Gap Report<\/a> found that governments collectively plan to produce more than twice the volume of fossil fuels in 2030 that would be consistent with limiting warming to 1.5<sup>0<\/sup>C. The gap between climate commitments and production plans is therefore becoming a structural feature of the international system.<\/p><p><strong>When climate equity is inverted<\/strong><\/p><p>This is particularly important for Africa.<\/p><p>Australia\u2019s coal expansion does not erase the distinction between an advanced economy protecting an established export industry and an African country seeking to provide first-time access to electricity, expand productive capacity or industrialise. Neither does US policy reversal justify treating countries with negligible historical responsibility as if they possessed equivalent responsibility and capability.<\/p><p>The response to Northern backsliding cannot therefore be to abandon differentiation and impose identical obligations on unequal countries. That would make developing countries pay for the failure of developed countries to lead.<\/p><p>The distinction global climate governance must make is between <em>equity-based differentiation<\/em>, which gives greater policy space and support to countries with low responsibility and limited capability, and <em>interest-based exceptionalism,<\/em> through which wealthy countries invoke domestic circumstances to avoid action commensurate with their responsibility and capacity.<\/p><p><strong>Rebuilding disciplined differentiation <\/strong><\/p><p>Differentiation needs stronger boundaries. A workable system should preserve national flexibility while imposing clearer expectations.<\/p><p>Developed countries must continue to face explicit expectations of faster absolute emissions reductions and earlier fossil fuel decline. National circumstances should influence how a country meets its fair contribution, not whether it contributes its fair share.<\/p><p>These boundaries require a transparent fair-share test. Such a test could consider cumulative and per-capita emissions, income and fiscal capacity, unmet energy and development needs, vulnerability and the provision or receipt of international support. It should assess not only territorial emissions targets but also fossil-fuel production plans and the emissions enabled by exports.<\/p><p>The underlying principles are not new. What is missing is an operational framework that translates them into clear expectations and measurable accountability. \u00a0<\/p><p>Such a framework would help differentiation retain its original function of protecting countries with the least responsibility and capability from unjust burdens while demanding greater leadership from those most responsible and best equipped to act. Equity would then become a source of ambition rather than an alibi for delay.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-294493e7 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"294493e7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" id=\"faq_section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5f38d520\" data-id=\"5f38d520\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d45730d animated-slow elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d45730d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Latest Ideas &amp; Evidence<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-616243b0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-ucaddon_post_carousel\" data-id=\"616243b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"ucaddon_post_carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<!-- start Post Carousel -->\n\t\t<link id='font-awesome-css' 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width:100%;\n}\n\n#uc_post_carousel_elementor_616243b0 .uc_image_carousel_content {\n  display:flex;\n  flex-direction:column;\n}\n\n\t\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n#uc_post_carousel_elementor_616243b0 .ue-meta-data{  \n  display:flex !important;\n  flex-wrap: wrap;\n  line-height:1em;\n}\n\n#uc_post_carousel_elementor_616243b0 .ue-grid-item-meta-data{\n      display:inline-flex;\n      align-items:center;\n}\n\n.ue-grid-item-meta-data{\n  font-size:12px;\n}\n\n#uc_post_carousel_elementor_616243b0 .ue-grid-item-meta-data-icon{\n  line-height:1em;\n}\n\n#uc_post_carousel_elementor_616243b0 .ue-grid-item-meta-data-icon svg{\n  width:1em;\n  height:1em;\n}\n\n#uc_post_carousel_elementor_616243b0 .ue-debug-meta{\n  padding:10px;\n  border:1px solid red;\n  position:relative;\n  line-height:1.5em;\n  font-size:11px;\n  width:100%;\n}\n\n\n\t#uc_post_carousel_elementor_616243b0 .owl-stage        {\n            transition-timing-function: linear!important;\n        }\n\n#uc_post_carousel_elementor_616243b0 .owl-nav .owl-prev.disabled,\n#uc_post_carousel_elementor_616243b0 .owl-nav .owl-next.disabled {\n   display: none;\n}\n\n<\/style>\n\n<div class=\"uc_overlay_image_carousel\" id=\"uc_post_carousel_elementor_616243b0-wrapper\">\n  <div class=\"uc_carousel owl-carousel owl-theme uc-items-wrapper  \" data-custom-sethtml=\"true\"  data-id=\"\" id=\"uc_post_carousel_elementor_616243b0\" >\n    <div class=\"uc_image_carousel_container_holder uc_carousel_item ue-item\">\n  \n      <div class=\"uc_image_carousel_placeholder \">\n                     \n          <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/africanresilienceinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Climate-equity-upside-down-768x576.png\"  src=\"https:\/\/africanresilienceinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Climate-equity-upside-down-768x576.png\" alt=\"Climate equity upside down\" width=\"768\" height=\"576\" alt=\"Climate equity upside down\" title=\"Climate equity upside down\"> \n        \t\n        <div class=\"ue_pos_carousel_image_overlay\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>  \n  \n      <div class=\"uc_image_carousel_content\" >\n      <div class=\"uc_image_carousel_content_holder\">\n\n                           \n\n                  <a class=\"uc_post_title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/africanresilienceinstitute.org\/?p=2948\">            <div class=\"uc_post_title\">The Rich World is Turning Climate Equity Upside Down<\/div>\n          <\/a>                  \n\n        <div class=\"ue-meta-data\">\n                                          \n                                \n\t\t            \n          \n          \n                     \n\n            \n\n        <\/div>\n        \t\t      <\/div>\n          <\/div>    \n    \n<\/div>\n<div class=\"uc_image_carousel_container_holder uc_carousel_item ue-item\">\n  \n      <div class=\"uc_image_carousel_placeholder \">\n                     \n          <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/africanresilienceinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/pexels-photo-19038661-19038661-768x1024.jpg\"  src=\"https:\/\/africanresilienceinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/pexels-photo-19038661-19038661-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"A man pans for diamonds in a muddy river in Sierra Leone, showcasing traditional mining methods.\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" alt=\"A man pans for diamonds in a muddy river in Sierra Leone, showcasing traditional mining methods.\" title=\"pexels-photo-19038661-19038661\"> \n        \t\n        <div class=\"ue_pos_carousel_image_overlay\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>  \n  \n      <div class=\"uc_image_carousel_content\" >\n      <div class=\"uc_image_carousel_content_holder\">\n\n                           \n\n                  <a class=\"uc_post_title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/africanresilienceinstitute.org\/?p=2604\">            <div class=\"uc_post_title\">Adding local value to African Countries' critical raw materials trade<\/div>\n          <\/a>                  \n\n        <div class=\"ue-meta-data\">\n                                          \n                                \n\t\t            \n          \n          \n                     \n\n            \n\n        <\/div>\n        \t\t      <\/div>\n          <\/div>    \n    \n<\/div>\n<div class=\"uc_image_carousel_container_holder uc_carousel_item ue-item\">\n  \n      <div class=\"uc_image_carousel_placeholder \">\n                     \n          <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/africanresilienceinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/banner-7.jpg\"  src=\"https:\/\/africanresilienceinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/banner-7.jpg\" alt=\"banner-7\" width=\"700\" height=\"500\" alt=\"banner-7\" title=\"banner-7\"> \n        \t\n        <div class=\"ue_pos_carousel_image_overlay\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>  \n  \n      <div class=\"uc_image_carousel_content\" >\n      <div class=\"uc_image_carousel_content_holder\">\n\n                           \n\n                  <a class=\"uc_post_title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/africanresilienceinstitute.org\/?p=2578\">            <div class=\"uc_post_title\">Why Resilience? Rethinking Development in an Age of Uncertainty<\/div>\n          <\/a>                  \n\n        <div class=\"ue-meta-data\">\n                                          \n                                \n\t\t            \n          \n          \n                     \n\n            \n\n        <\/div>\n        \t\t      <\/div>\n          <\/div>    \n    \n<\/div>\n<div class=\"uc_image_carousel_container_holder uc_carousel_item ue-item\">\n  \n      <div class=\"uc_image_carousel_placeholder \">\n                     \n          <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/africanresilienceinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Australia-coal-mine.webp\"  src=\"https:\/\/africanresilienceinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Australia-coal-mine.webp\" alt=\"Australia-coal-mine\" width=\"759\" height=\"422\" alt=\"Australia-coal-mine\" title=\"Australia-coal-mine\"> \n        \t\n        <div class=\"ue_pos_carousel_image_overlay\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>  \n  \n      <div class=\"uc_image_carousel_content\" >\n      <div class=\"uc_image_carousel_content_holder\">\n\n                           \n\n                  <a class=\"uc_post_title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/africanresilienceinstitute.org\/?p=1911\">            <div class=\"uc_post_title\">Australia, Coal and COP31: What National Interest Tells Us About Global Climate Governance<\/div>\n          <\/a>                  \n\n        <div class=\"ue-meta-data\">\n                                          \n                                \n\t\t            \n          \n          \n                     \n\n            \n\n        <\/div>\n        \t\t      <\/div>\n          <\/div>    \n    \n<\/div>\n<div class=\"uc_image_carousel_container_holder uc_carousel_item ue-item\">\n  \n      <div class=\"uc_image_carousel_placeholder \">\n                     \n          <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/africanresilienceinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/pexels-photo-20714511-20714511-768x512.webp\"  src=\"https:\/\/africanresilienceinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/pexels-photo-20714511-20714511-768x512.webp\" alt=\"Bare tree overlooking a dam with water and lush hills in the background.\" width=\"768\" height=\"512\" alt=\"Bare tree overlooking a dam with water and lush hills in the background.\" title=\"pexels-photo-20714511-20714511\"> \n        \t\n        <div class=\"ue_pos_carousel_image_overlay\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>  \n  \n      <div class=\"uc_image_carousel_content\" >\n      <div class=\"uc_image_carousel_content_holder\">\n\n                           \n\n                  <a class=\"uc_post_title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/africanresilienceinstitute.org\/?p=782\">            <div class=\"uc_post_title\">The End of the Aid Era is Not a Crisis for Africa<\/div>\n          <\/a>                  \n\n        <div class=\"ue-meta-data\">\n                                          \n                                \n\t\t            \n          \n          \n                     \n\n            \n\n        <\/div>\n        \t\t      <\/div>\n          <\/div>    \n    \n<\/div>\n<div class=\"uc_image_carousel_container_holder uc_carousel_item ue-item\">\n  \n      <div class=\"uc_image_carousel_placeholder \">\n                     \n          <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/africanresilienceinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/pexels-photo-13822581-13822581-768x511.jpg\"  src=\"https:\/\/africanresilienceinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/pexels-photo-13822581-13822581-768x511.jpg\" alt=\"A man monitors environmental conditions on cracked dry ground near a bridge with sunny weather.\" width=\"768\" height=\"511\" alt=\"A man monitors environmental conditions on cracked dry ground near a bridge with sunny weather.\" title=\"pexels-photo-13822581-13822581\"> \n        \t\n        <div class=\"ue_pos_carousel_image_overlay\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>  \n  \n      <div class=\"uc_image_carousel_content\" >\n      <div class=\"uc_image_carousel_content_holder\">\n\n                           \n\n                  <a class=\"uc_post_title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/africanresilienceinstitute.org\/?p=497\">            <div class=\"uc_post_title\">What SB64 Reveals About Climate Negotiations<\/div>\n          <\/a>                  \n\n        <div class=\"ue-meta-data\">\n                                          \n                                \n\t\t            \n          \n          \n                     \n\n            \n\n        <\/div>\n        \t\t      <\/div>\n          <\/div>    \n    \n<\/div>\n\n  <\/div>\t\n<\/div>\n\n\n<!-- end Post Carousel -->\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As countries define their own climate ambition, national circumstances excuse the rich rather than protect he poor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2957,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7,16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2948","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-expert-commentary","category-featured"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/africanresilienceinstitute.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2948","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/africanresilienceinstitute.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/africanresilienceinstitute.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/africanresilienceinstitute.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/africanresilienceinstitute.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2948"}],"version-history":[{"count":29,"href":"https:\/\/africanresilienceinstitute.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2948\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2980,"href":"https:\/\/africanresilienceinstitute.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2948\/revisions\/2980"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/africanresilienceinstitute.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2957"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/africanresilienceinstitute.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2948"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/africanresilienceinstitute.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2948"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/africanresilienceinstitute.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2948"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}